Learn one useful thing today.
Get Most Recent Day of Week (Week-Starting Monday or Prior Friday)
Roll any transaction timestamp back to its week-starting Monday (inclusive on-or-before) or strictly prior weekday using B2 - MOD(WEEKDAY(B2) - target_dow + 7, 7).
Read the guide →StatisticalGet nth largest or smallest value—and matching name—with criteria (LARGE, SORT & FILTER)
Extract the 2nd, 3rd, or kth highest (or lowest) booking inside a specific team along with the rep's name using LARGE(FILTER(...), k) and INDEX(SORT(FILTER(...))).
Read the guide →MathGet original number from percent change: Final / (1 + PctChange)
Back out pre-hike salary, pre-markup cost, or pre-discount list price accurately using division by (1 + Pct) instead of the broken Final * (1 - Pct) shortcut.
Read the guide →Date & TimeGet previous Monday, Sunday, or any most-recent weekday from a date
Floor daily timestamps back to their "Week Starting Monday" or "Week Starting Sunday" cohort date—or find the most recent Friday/payday.
Read the guide →Date & Time FormulasGet Project Start Date, End Date & Total Span by Project (MINIFS & MAXIFS)
Roll up task-level schedules into overall project kickoff date MINIFS, final completion date MAXIFS, and inclusive calendar duration MAXIFS - MINIFS + 1.
Read the guide →Date & TimeGet quarter start date and quarter end date from any date
Snap any transaction date to the first day (Jan 1, Apr 1, Jul 1, Oct 1) and last day (Mar 31, Jun 30, Sep 30, Dec 31) of its calendar quarter.
Read the guide →Lookup & ReferenceGet the 2nd, 3rd, or Nth match with INDEX and FILTER
Extract the Nth matching record for a client or SKU cleanly with INDEX(FILTER(...), N, 1) and a COUNTIF bounds guard.
Read the guide →Lookup & ReferenceGet the Address of the First and Last Cell in a Range (ADDRESS + ROWS + COLUMNS)
Compute the exact A1 coordinates of a range's top-left anchor, bottom-right corner, and full "$B$3:$D$6" span text for audit logs and dynamic range documentation.
Read the guide →Math & TrigGet the decimal part of a number (positive and negative safe)
Extract cents or fractional parts accurately using x - TRUNC(x) instead of x - INT(x), which flips -14.75 into +0.25.
Read the guide →Date & TimeGet the first day of the month (current, previous, or next month)
Anchor any date to the 1st of its month—or shift cleanly to prior or upcoming months—with EOMONTH(date, n) + 1.
Read the guide →Lookup & ReferenceGet the first non-blank value in a row or column (COALESCE pattern)
Implement SQL-style COALESCE fallback across price or contact columns with XLOOKUP—while keeping valid numeric zeros intact.
Read the guide →Lookup & ReferenceGet the last match in a column (reverse bottom-to-top XLOOKUP)
Pass -1 as XLOOKUP's 6th search_mode argument to pull the most recent appended price, status, or log row for a repeated key.
Read the guide →Lookup & ReferenceGet the last non-blank value and row position in a column with blanks
Retrieve the bottom-most populated entry and its row index—even when empty spacer rows appear throughout the column—using reverse XLOOKUP and XMATCH.
Read the guide →Lookup & ReferenceGet the last number or nonempty text in a column
Scan upward from the bottom of a partially filled column with XLOOKUP(..., 0, -1) to pull the latest balance—even when gaps exist.
Read the guide →Date & TimeGet the last working day of the month (skipping weekends and holidays)
Step backward 1 business day from the 1st of next month with WORKDAY(EOMONTH(date, 0) + 1, -1, holidays) for payroll and close dates.
Read the guide →Lookup & ReferenceGet the name or label associated with the maximum value
Pair XLOOKUP with MAX (or filtered sub-arrays) to return the top-performing rep, product, or date to the left of your metric column.
Read the guide →Date & TimeGet the next scheduled event from an unsorted date list
Find the earliest upcoming date on or after a reference date with MINIFS and retrieve its event name with XLOOKUP.
Read the guide →Date & TimeGet the next specific weekday from a date (e.g., next Friday)
Advance any order or billing date to the upcoming target weekday—choosing explicitly between same-day inclusive and strictly next week.
Read the guide →Date & TimeGet the Nth weekday of a month (e.g., 4th Thursday of November)
Calculate floating holidays and recurring monthly board dates from Year, Month, Nth occurrence, and ISO weekday—with a 5th-week guard.
Read the guide →Date & TimeGet the Same Calendar Date Next Month or Next Year Without Overflow (EDATE vs DATE)
Roll subscription billing and anniversary dates forward by 1, 3, or 12 months with EDATE so Jan 31 and Feb 29 leap-day anchors clamp to Feb 28 instead of spilling into March.
Read the guide →Math & TrigGet total from percentage: find the whole when you know a part and its % share
Recover a whole from a known part and its fraction of that same whole.
Read the guide →Spatial Statistics & OperationsGetis-Ord Gi* Local Spatial Hotspot and Coldspot Z-Score Formula
Separate high-value spatial hotspots (Z > +1.96) from low-value coldspots (Z < -1.96) using Ord and Getis’s (1995) standardized self-inclusive G_i* statistic.
Read the guide →Quantitative Finance & Empirical Asset PricingGibbons-Ross-Shanken (GRS) Joint Alpha F-Test Formula
Test whether N portfolio alphas are jointly zero using the exact Gibbons-Ross-Shanken (1989) Sharpe-ratio F-statistic F_GRS = ((T - N - K) / N) * ((SR_max^2 - SR_f^2) / (1 + SR_f^2)).
Read the guide →Engineering & ScienceGibbs-Thomson Nanoparticle Melting-Point Depression & LSW Ostwald Ripening
Calculate curvature-induced melting-point depression Delta_Tm = (2 * gamma_SL * Tm) / (Delta_Hf * r) in Kelvin for nanoparticles/dendrite tips and Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner coarsening radius r(t) = (r0^3 + K * t)^(1/3).
Read the guide →Civil, Structural & Geotechnical EngineeringGibson-Anderson & Vesić Undrained Soil Cavity Expansion Limit Pressure Formula
Calculate undrained clay Rigidity Index I_r = G / s_u, Cylindrical Limit Pressure p_lim,cyl = p_0 + s_u * (1 + LN(I_r)) (pressuremeter / pile shaft), and Spherical Limit Pressure p_lim,sph = p_0 + (4/3) * s_u * (1 + LN(I_r)) (deep pile tip).
Read the guide →Semiconductor PVD/Implant Vacuum Systems, Gifford-McMahon Capture Cryopump SizingGifford-McMahon Cryopump Crossover & H2 Capacity Formula
Calculate Maximum Safe Rough-to-Cryo Crossover Pressure (mbar), 15 K Activated-Charcoal H2 Sorption Capacity (mbar·L), Hours Between Regenerations (h), and Thawed H2 Pressure (mbar).
Read the guide →StatisticalGini Coefficient formula: measure income inequality & customer whale concentration
Calculate a rounded empirical Gini coefficient for five nonnegative observations and compare it with the largest observation share.
Read the guide →Engineering & ScienceGinzburg-Landau Parameter (κ) & Upper Critical Field (B_c2) Formula
Calculate the Ginzburg-Landau ratio κ = λ_L / ξ_GL, classify Type-I vs. Type-II Abrikosov vortex superconductors across κ = 1/SQRT(2), and compute upper critical field B_c2 = SQRT(2) * κ * B_c.
Read the guide →Healthcare & ClinicalGlasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score (GAHS) Calculator (5–12 Points)
Compute Ewan Forrest’s Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score (GAHS, 5–12 points) from age, WBC, blood urea, PT ratio / INR, and serum bilirubin to identify high-mortality patients (GAHS >= 9) who benefit from corticosteroids.
Read the guide →StatisticalGlasgow Coma Scale arithmetic: validate components and preserve not-testable status
Practice a validated E/V/M total for fictional observations while keeping non-testable components distinct from numeric scores.
Read the guide →HealthcareGlasgow-Blatchford Score: Spreadsheet Points and Unit Checks
Calculate the 0–23 Glasgow-Blatchford total from fictional inputs using explicit SI laboratory units, both published hemoglobin threshold sets and validated binary flags.
Read the guide →Float Glass, Container & Optical Glass Manufacturing, Adams-Williamson Annealing LehrGlass Annealing Lehr Cooling Rate & Birefringence Formula
Calculate Maximum Safe Annealing Lehr Cooling Rate hmax (°C/min), Critical Strain-Point Cooling Time (min), Polariscope Optical Retardation (nm/cm), and Anneal Quality Class.
Read the guide →Glass Manufacturing & Regenerative Tank Thermodynamics, Batch Fusion Loss & Cullet RuleGlass Furnace Carbonate Fusion Loss, Cullet & Fuel Formula
Calculate Fused Virgin-Batch Glass Tonnage (t/d), Total Regenerative Furnace Pull (t/d), Cullet Share in Molten Pull (%), and Cullet-Reduced Specific Melting Energy (GJ/t).
Read the guide →Statistical & Clinical AnalysisGlicko Rating & Rating Deviation (RD) Formula: Inactivity Uncertainty & Match Update
Upgrade Elo by incorporating Mark Glickman’s Rating Deviation (RD): inflate pre-period uncertainty RD_pre = MIN(350, SQRT(RD_0^2 + c^2*t)), compute opponent attenuation g(RD_j), and update post-match rating and RD.
Read the guide →Spatial Statistics & Supply Chain AnalyticsGlobal Moran’s I Spatial Autocorrelation and Null Expectation Formula
Calculate Global Moran’s I = (N / S_0) * (SUM_ij w_ij * z_i * z_j) / SUM(z_i^2) across contiguous regions and benchmark against exact finite-sample expectation E[I] = -1 / (N - 1).
Read the guide →Market Microstructure & Quantitative TradingGlosten-Milgrom Adverse-Selection Bid-Ask Spread Formula
Derive Bayesian market-maker Ask = E[V | Buy], Bid = E[V | Sell], and Glosten-Milgrom spread from informed-trader probability mu and asset value range V_H - V_L.
Read the guide →Civil, Structural & Geotechnical EngineeringGlover-Dumm Transient Drain Spacing Formula: Falling Water Table Drawdown m_0 to m_t
Calculate subsurface drain spacing L (m) required to lower a storm/irrigation water-table mound from m_0 to m_t within t days using R. E. Glover and L. D. Dumm’s (1954, USBR) Boussinesq diffusion solution.
Read the guide →FinancialGMROI and Sell-Through Rate formulas (retail merchandising KPIs)
Measure Gross Margin Return on Inventory Investment (GMROI = Gross Margin $ / Avg Inventory Cost) alongside monthly SKU Sell-Through %.
Read the guide →Healthcare & ClinicalGoldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) Membrane Voltage Equation (K+, Na+, Cl-)
Calculate mammalian neuron resting membrane potential and action-potential overshoot at 37 C (R*T/F = 26.7267 mV) from relative K+, Na+, and Cl- permeabilities and extra/intracellular ion concentrations.
Read the guide →Quantitative Finance & DerivativesGoldman-Sosin-Gatto Floating-Strike Lookback Call Formula
Price continuous floating-strike lookback calls paying S_T - S_min in Excel and Arte Sheets using the Goldman-Sosin-Gatto (1979) / Conze-Viswanathan formula.
Read the guide →Statistical & Mathematical FormulasGompertz Growth Curve: Double-Exponential Volume & K/e Inflection
Model decelerating tumor spheroid, microbial, and SaaS adoption curves via Laird’s Gompertz equation N(t) = K * EXP(-LN(K / N_0) * EXP(-α * t)) and locate the exact peak-growth inflection time t_inf = LN(LN(K / N_0)) / α.
Read the guide →Actuarial Life Contingencies & DemographyGompertz-Makeham Force of Mortality and Survival _t p_x Formula
Compute Gompertz-Makeham force of mortality mu(x) = A + B * c^x and exact integrated t-year survival probability _t p_x = EXP(-A*t - (B * c^x / LN(c)) * (c^t - 1)).
Read the guide →Statistical & PsychometricsGoodman and Kruskal’s Gamma (γ) Ordinal Association Formula
Calculate tie-free ordinal monotonic association γ = (N_c - N_d) / (N_c + N_d) across Likert scales and clinical staging tables alongside tie-penalized Kim’s d_y.x.
Read the guide →EngineeringGoodman, Soderberg and Gerber Proportional-Loading Factors
Compare three mean-stress fatigue factors, calculate the Gerber root stably and check the peak-stress yield factor separately.
Read the guide →FinancialGordon Growth Model (DDM) formula: intrinsic stock value & implied cost of equity
Value dividend-paying equities via P0 = D0*(1+g)/(ke - g), guard against g >= ke blow-ups, and back out implied market cost of equity.
Read the guide →Operations Research, Closed Manufacturing Loops & Computer PerformanceGordon-Newell Closed Queueing & Buzen Convolution Formula
Calculate Exact 2-Station Gordon-Newell Normalization Constant G(N) via Buzen’s Convolution Sum, Exact Closed-Loop System Throughput G(N-1)/G(N), Bottleneck Asymptote 1/D_max, and Bottleneck Server Utilization.
Read the guide →Environmental & Natural Resource EconomicsGordon-Schaefer Fishery MSY, MEY & Open-Access Formula
Compare biological Maximum Sustainable Yield (E_MSY = r/(2*q)), Open-Access Bionomic rent dissipation (E_OA), and conservationist Maximum Economic Yield (E_MEY = E_OA / 2).
Read the guide →Cardiology Hemodynamics & Structural Heart CatheterizationGorlin Aortic Valve Area (AVA) Catheterization Formula
Calculate Invasive Hemodynamic Stroke Volume (mL/beat), Mean Systolic Transvalvular Flow Rate (CO_L_min * 1000)/(HR * SEP), Richard & Sandra Gorlin’s Aortic Valve Area AVA = Flow / (44.3 * SQRT(Mean_Grad_mmHg)), and ACC/AHA Stenosis Severity.
Read the guide →Alternative Asset Management, GP Stakes & Sum-of-the-Parts ValuationGP Stakes FRE vs PRE Asset-Manager Valuation Formula
Value Alternative Asset Management Firms via Sum-of-the-Parts: Recurring Fee-Related Earnings (FRE = FPAUM * Fee_Rate * FRE_Margin), Performance-Related Carry Earnings (PRE), FRE Valuation Weight, and Minority GP Stake Check.
Read the guide →Private Equity Secondaries, Continuation Vehicles & LP LiquidityGP-Led Continuation Fund Secondary Pricing & LP Cash Formula
Calculate GP-Led Continuation Vehicle (CV) Implied Transaction Value (Reference_NAV * Bid_Pct), Crystallized GP Carried Interest on Selling LPs, Selling-LP Net Cash Wire, and Secondary Buyer Day-1 Mark-to-NAV Gain.
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