Healthcare & Clinical Calculations
Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index & TyG-BMI Insulin Resistance Formula
Screen for insulin resistance and MASLD without fasting insulin assays using Simental-Mendía’s logarithmic TyG = LN((Fasting_TG_mgdL * Fasting_Glucose_mgdL) / 2) and composite TyG-BMI index.
Screen insulin resistance from a routine lipid + metabolic panel without ordering fasting insulin!
HOMA-IR requires an expensive, poorly standardized fasting serum insulin immunoassay rarely ordered in routine primary care! Luis E. Simental-Mendía, Martha Rodríguez-Morán, and Fernando Guerrero-Romero (Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 2008) showed that hepatic VLDL overproduction (fasting triglycerides, mg/dL) paired with hepatic gluconeogenesis (fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL) tracks euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp insulin sensitivity via the logarithmic Triglyceride-Glucose Index: TyG = LN((Fasting_TG_mgdL * Fasting_Glucose_mgdL) / 2)!
Multiplying TyG by Body Mass Index yields the composite TyG-BMI = TyG * BMI, a premier predictor of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and incident type 2 diabetes! Look at two patients: Patient A with TG = 165 mg/dL, fasting glucose = 108 mg/dL, and BMI = 29.4 kg/m^2 scores TyG = LN((165 * 108) / 2) = 9.095 (>= 8.80 insulin-resistance threshold, TyG-BMI = 267.4), whereas metabolically insulin-sensitive Patient B (TG = 85, glucose = 88) scores TyG = 8.227!
| Fasting Metabolic Profile (mg/dL) | TyG Index = LN((TG * Glu) / 2) | Composite TyG-BMI | Metabolic Insulin Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Optimal Metabolic Health (TG 85, Glu 88, BMI 22.5) | 8.227 (< 8.50) | 185.1 | Insulin Sensitive |
| Borderline Dysglycemia (TG 130, Glu 98, BMI 26.0) | 8.759 (8.50–8.79) | 227.7 | Early Adipose/Hepatic IR |
| Overt Insulin Resistance (TG 165, Glu 108, BMI 29.4) | 9.095 (>= 8.80) | 267.4 | High IR & MASLD / ASCVD Risk |
Logarithmic Triglyceride-Glucose Index TyG = LN((TG_mgdL * Glucose_mgdL) / 2)
Computes natural logarithm LN((B2 * B3) / 2) from conventional mg/dL fasting triglycerides (B2) and fasting glucose (B3).
=IF(OR(B2 <= 0, B3 <= 0, B4 <= 0), "Invalid Fasting Lab / BMI", ROUND(LN((B2 * B3) / 2), 3))Composite Adiposity-Coupled TyG-BMI Index = TyG * BMI
Multiplies unrounded TyG by patient BMI (kg/m^2, cell B4) for MASLD and cardiometabolic risk stratification.
=IF(OR(B2 <= 0, B3 <= 0, B4 <= 0), "Invalid Fasting Lab / BMI", ROUND(LN((B2 * B3) / 2) * B4, 1))Try the example
Use the original values or change them to test your understanding.