Logical checks and errors
AND function: require two inspection checks to pass together
Accept a chilled delivery only when the recorded temperature is within limit and the receiver has signed off, while preventing blank temperature cells from passing as zero.
Four delivery lots that test every combination
A kitchen receiving log checks whether each chilled crate arrives at 5 °C or below (column B) and carries a receiver signoff of Yes (column C). Both checks must pass before a lot is accepted.
| Lot (A) | Temp °C (B) | Signed off (C) |
|---|---|---|
| Lot 10 | 4 | Yes |
| Lot 11 | 4 | No |
| Lot 12 | 7 | Yes |
| Lot 13 | 8 | No |
Combine every required test inside AND
AND returns TRUE only when every argument evaluates to TRUE; if even one test is FALSE, the result is FALSE. Include B2<>"" so an unrecorded blank temperature is never treated as 0 °C.
=AND(B2<>"",B2<=5,C2="Yes")Check all four truth-table outcomes and the blank trap
Lot 10 (4 °C and Yes) returns TRUE. Lot 11 fails signoff (FALSE), Lot 12 fails temperature (FALSE), and Lot 13 fails both (FALSE).
Why include B2<>""? In spreadsheets an empty cell compares as 0 in numeric inequalities, so B2<=5 alone evaluates 0<=5 and returns TRUE when no reading was taken. Testing B2<>"" first rejects incomplete rows.
Turn the TRUE/FALSE check into a clear label
Once you trust the boolean result, wrap AND inside IF to display Accept or Hold. In the practice grid, clear B2 to confirm the guarded formula returns Hold rather than falsely accepting a missing reading.
=IF(AND(B2<>"",B2<=5,C2="Yes"),"Accept","Hold")Try the example
Use the original values or change them to test your understanding.